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PhysicsMediumClass 12

LC Oscillations — Angular frequency

AC Circuits

8

JEE Qs

8%

Hard

60

min

Master the analogy between LC oscillations and SHM, focusing on energy conservation and the differential equation for effective problem-solving.

🧮 Key Formulas

omega = 1/sqrt(LC)
Q(t) = Q_0 cos(omega t + phi)
I(t) = -dQ/dt = Q_0 omega sin(omega t + phi) = I_0 sin(omega t + phi)
I_0 = Q_0 omega
Total Energy E = U_E + U_B = (1/2)Q^2/C + (1/2)LI^2 = (1/2)Q_0^2/C = (1/2)LI_0^2

✅ Key Points for JEE

  • 1LC oscillations are analogous to Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) of a mass-spring system, where charge Q is analogous to displacement x, and current I is analogous to velocity v.
  • 2In an ideal LC circuit (no resistance), energy is conserved and continuously oscillates between the electric field of the capacitor (U_E = Q^2/(2C)) and the magnetic field of the inductor (U_B = (1/2)LI^2).
  • 3The angular frequency (omega) of LC oscillations is determined solely by the inductance (L) and capacitance (C) of the circuit.
  • 4Charge Q and current I (or voltage across capacitor V_C and current I) are 90 degrees out of phase, meaning when charge is maximum, current is zero, and vice-versa.
  • 5The oscillation equation can be derived by applying Kirchhoff's loop rule to the circuit (LdI/dt + Q/C = 0) and substituting I = dQ/dt, leading to a second-order differential equation similar to SHM.

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • Incorrectly relating peak charge (Q_0) and peak current (I_0) without including the angular frequency (I_0 = Q_0 * omega).
  • Confusing instantaneous values of charge/current/energy with their maximum values when applying energy conservation.
  • Forgetting the phase difference between charge and current (or voltage and current) in the oscillatory behavior.
  • Not properly accounting for initial conditions (Q_0 and I_0) when determining the phase constant (phi) of the oscillation.

📝 Practice Questions

See all

Q47.In a series LCR circuit, a resistor of 300Ω, a capacitor of 25 nF and an inductor of 100 mH are used. For maximum current in the circuit, the angular frequency of the ac source is _____ ×104 radians s−1 .

2025·NumericalEasy

Q28.Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : Choke coil is simply a coil having a large inductance but a small resistance. Choke coils are used with fluorescent mercury-tube fittings. If household electric power is directly connected to a mercury 2025 (29 Jan Shift 1) JEE Main Previous Year Paper tube, the tube will be damaged. Reason (R): By using the choke coil, the voltage across the tube is reduced by a factor + , where ω is frequency of the supply across resistor R and inductor L . If the choke (R/√R2 ω2L2) coil were not used, the voltage across the resistor would be the same as the applied voltage. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : (1) (A) is true but (R) is false (2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (3) (A) is false but (R) is true (4) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

2025·Assertion ReasoningMedium

Q39.A series LCR circuit is connected to an alternating source of emf E. The current amplitude at resonant frequency is I0 . If the value of resistance R becomes twice of its initial value then amplitude of current at resonance will be (1) 2I0 (2) I0 (3) I0 (4) I0 2 √2

2025·MCQEasy

Q46.A time varying potential difference is applied between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 2.5μ F. The dielectric constant of the medium between the capacitor plates is 1 . It produces an instantaneous displacement current of 0.25 mA in the intervening space between the capacitor plates, the magnitude of the rate of change of the potential difference will be _____ Vs−1 .

2025·NumericalMedium

Q28.An alternating current is given by I = IA sin ωt + IB cos ωt. The r.m.s current will be ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ 2025 (24 Jan Shift 1) JEE Main Previous Year Paper (1) |IA+IB| (2) A+I2B √2 √I2 2 B + I2B (4) √I2A+I2 (3) √I2A 2

2025·MCQMedium

Q15.In an ac circuit, the instantaneous current is zero, when the instantaneous voltage is maximum. In this case, the source may be connected to : A. pure inductor. B. pure capacitor. C. pure resistor. D. combination of an inductor and capacitor. Choose the correct answer from the options given below : (1) A, B and C only (2) A and B only (3) B, C and D only (4) A, B and D only →

2024·MCQMedium

NCERT Chapters

  • Class 12 Physics Ch 7: Alternating Current
  • Class 11 Physics Ch 14: Oscillations