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MathsMediumClass 11

Selection Problems — Geometry problems (lines, triangles)

Permutation & Combination

9

JEE Qs

8%

Hard

60

min

Thoroughly analyze the geometric constraints (collinearity, parallelism, concurrency) and correctly apply the principles of combinations to subtract invalid formations and count valid ones.

🧮 Key Formulas

nCr = n! / (r! * (n-r)!)
Number of lines formed by n points, no three collinear = nC2
Number of lines formed by n points, where p of them are collinear = nC2 - pC2 + 1
Number of triangles formed by n points, no three collinear = nC3
Number of triangles formed by n points, where p of them are collinear = nC3 - pC3
Number of intersection points formed by n distinct lines, no two parallel and no three concurrent = nC2
Number of intersection points formed by n distinct lines, where p are parallel, and no three of the remaining are concurrent = nC2 - pC2

✅ Key Points for JEE

  • 1Always use combinations (nCr) for selection problems as the order of choosing points to form lines or triangles does not matter.
  • 2Carefully identify and subtract 'invalid' cases, especially when points are collinear or lines are parallel, and then add back any valid cases (e.g., the single line formed by collinear points).
  • 3Distinguish between selection from a single set of points/lines and selection involving multiple distinct sets (e.g., points on different lines, parallel lines intersecting non-parallel lines).
  • 4For intersection problems, explicitly account for conditions like parallel lines, concurrent lines, or lines forming different geometric configurations (e.g., a grid).

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • Forgetting to subtract the invalid combinations formed by collinear points or parallel lines, leading to overcounting.
  • Incorrectly applying permutations (nPr) instead of combinations (nCr) when order of selection is irrelevant.
  • Overlooking special cases like when all points are collinear, or when multiple sets of parallel lines exist, leading to incomplete counting.

NCERT Chapters

  • Class 11 Maths Ch 7: Permutations and Combinations
  • Class 9 Maths Ch 5: Introduction to Euclid's Geometry
  • Class 9 Maths Ch 6: Lines and Angles
  • Class 9 Maths Ch 7: Triangles