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MathsMediumClass 12

Continuity — Definition, types of discontinuity

Limits & Continuity

9

JEE Qs

8%

Hard

60

min

Approach continuity problems systematically by first identifying potential points of discontinuity, then rigorously applying the three-condition check (LHL, RHL, f(a)).

🧮 Key Formulas

A function f(x) is continuous at x=a if and only if lim (x->a-) f(x) = lim (x->a+) f(x) = f(a).
A function f(x) is continuous in an open interval (a, b) if it is continuous at every point in (a, b).
A function f(x) is continuous in a closed interval [a, b] if it is continuous in (a, b), and also lim (x->a+) f(x) = f(a) and lim (x->b-) f(x) = f(b).

✅ Key Points for JEE

  • 1To check continuity at a point x=a, always evaluate the Left Hand Limit (LHL), Right Hand Limit (RHL), and the function value f(a). All three must exist and be equal.
  • 2Functions like polynomials, exponential functions, logarithmic functions (within their domain), and trigonometric functions (within their domain) are continuous everywhere in their respective domains.
  • 3For piecewise functions, critical points to check for discontinuity are where the function definition changes, and points where individual function parts might be undefined (e.g., denominator zero).
  • 4Understanding the types of discontinuity (removable, non-removable/jump, non-removable/infinite, oscillatory) is crucial for classification, which is often asked in JEE.
  • 5Algebra of continuous functions: The sum, difference, product, and quotient (if the denominator is non-zero) of two continuous functions are also continuous. The composition of continuous functions is also continuous.

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • Forgetting to check the function value f(a) along with the limits, or assuming f(a) exists and equals the limit without explicit calculation.
  • Incorrectly calculating one-sided limits, especially for functions involving modulus, greatest integer function, or for piecewise definitions.
  • Misclassifying the type of discontinuity, for example, confusing a jump discontinuity with a removable discontinuity.
  • Not considering the domain of the function while discussing continuity over an interval, leading to incorrect conclusions about points where the function is not defined.

NCERT Chapters

  • Class 12 Maths Ch 5: Continuity and Differentiability