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PhysicsMediumClass 12

Mutual Inductance

EMI

7

JEE Qs

8%

Hard

75

min

Master the definition of mutual inductance and its dependency on geometric factors; practice calculating M for standard configurations using the flux linkage method.

🧮 Key Formulas

Φ_2 = M * I_1
Φ_1 = M * I_2
ε_2 = -M * (dI_1/dt)
ε_1 = -M * (dI_2/dt)
M_12 = M_21 = M
M = k * sqrt(L_1 * L_2)

✅ Key Points for JEE

  • 1Mutual inductance (M) is a scalar constant for a given pair of coils and their relative orientation; it depends only on their geometry and the permeability of the core material, not on the currents flowing through them.
  • 2It quantifies the magnetic flux linkage in one coil due to the current flowing in a *neighboring* coil.
  • 3The reciprocity theorem states that the mutual inductance of coil 2 with respect to coil 1 (M₂₁) is numerically equal to the mutual inductance of coil 1 with respect to coil 2 (M₁₂), i.e., M₁₂ = M₂₁ = M.
  • 4The induced EMF in a coil due to mutual induction is proportional to the *rate of change* of current in the other coil, not the current itself, and follows Lenz's Law (negative sign).
  • 5The coefficient of coupling 'k' (where 0 ≤ k ≤ 1) indicates how effectively the magnetic flux produced by one coil links with the other coil. For ideal coupling, k=1.

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • Mistaking mutual inductance as dependent on the current flowing through either coil, instead of recognizing it as a purely geometric property.
  • Incorrectly applying Faraday's Law, specifically omitting the negative sign in the induced EMF formula or failing to correctly differentiate the current with respect to time.
  • Confusing the definitions and applications of mutual inductance (M) with self-inductance (L) or resistance (R).
  • Struggling with accurately calculating the magnetic flux linkage for specific geometric configurations (e.g., solenoids, coils) to determine M.

📝 Practice Questions

See all

Q42.Regarding self-inductance: A. The self-inductance of the coil depends on its geometry. B. Self-inductance does not depend on the permeability of the medium. C. Self-induced e.m.f. opposes any change in the current in a circuit. D. Self-inductance is electromagnetic analogue of mass in mechanics. E. Work needs to be done against self-induced e.m.f. in establishing the current. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: (1) A, B, C, E only (2) B, C, D, E only (3) A, C, D, E only (4) A, B, C, D only

2025·ConceptualEasy

Q49. A conducting bar moves on two conducting rails as shown in the figure. A constant magnetic field B exists into the page. The bar starts to move from the vertex at time t = 0 with a constant velocity. If the induced EMF is E ∝tn , then value of n is _.

2025·NumericalHard

Q35.A rectangular metallic loop is moving out of a uniform magnetic field region to a field free region with a constant speed. When the loop is partially inside the magnate field, the plot of magnitude of induced emf (ε) with time (t) is given by 2025 (22 Jan Shift 2) JEE Main Previous Year Paper (1) (2) (3) (4)

2025·Graph basedMedium

Q48.A parallel plate capacitor of area A = 16 cm2 and separation between the plates 10 cm , is charged by a DC current. Consider a hypothetical plane surface of area A0 = 3.2 cm2 inside the capacitor and parallel to the plates. At an instant, the current through the circuit is 6A. At the same instant the displacement current through A0 is ________ mA .

2025·NumericalMedium

Q31.A uniform magnetic field of 0.4 T acts perpendicular to a circular copper disc 20 cm in radius. The disc is having a uniform angular velocity of 10πrads−1 about an axis through its centre and perpendicular to the disc. What is the potential difference developed between the axis of the disc and the rim ? (π = 3.14) (1) 0.5024 V (2) V (3) 0.2512V V (4) 0.1256V V

2025·MCQMedium

Q27.A coil of area A and N turns is rotating with angular velocity ω in a uniform magnetic field →B about an axis perpendicular to →B. Magnetic flux φ and induced emf ε across it, at an instant when →B is parallel to the plane of coil, are : (1) φ = AB, ε = 0 (2) φ = 0, ε = 0 (3) φ = 0, ε = NABω (4) φ = AB, ε = NABω

2025·MCQMedium

NCERT Chapters

  • Class 12 Physics Ch 6: Electromagnetic Induction