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MathsMediumClass 11

Heights & Distances — Applications

Trigonometric Functions & Equations

8

JEE Qs

8%

Hard

60

min

Master the art of translating word problems into accurate geometric diagrams to effectively apply trigonometric ratios.

🧮 Key Formulas

sin θ = Opposite / Hypotenuse
cos θ = Adjacent / Hypotenuse
tan θ = Opposite / Adjacent
cot θ = Adjacent / Opposite

✅ Key Points for JEE

  • 1Always draw a clear, labeled diagram representing the problem scenario, accurately placing the observer, objects, and ground level.
  • 2Correctly identify angles of elevation (upwards from horizontal) and angles of depression (downwards from horizontal). Remember that the angle of elevation from point A to point B is equal to the angle of depression from point B to point A.
  • 3Form one or more right-angled triangles in your diagram. Choose the appropriate trigonometric ratio (sin, cos, tan, cot) that relates the known and unknown sides and angles.
  • 4Set up algebraic equations using the trigonometric ratios. For complex problems, this may involve solving a system of two or more linear equations simultaneously.

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • Incorrectly drawing the diagram, leading to wrong placement of angles or sides.
  • Confusing angles of elevation with angles of depression, or measuring angles from the vertical instead of the horizontal.
  • Using the wrong trigonometric ratio (e.g., using sin instead of tan) for the specific sides and angles involved.
  • Algebraic errors when solving the derived equations, especially when dealing with multiple unknown quantities.

NCERT Chapters

  • Class 10 Maths Ch 9: Some Applications of Trigonometry
  • Class 11 Maths Ch 3: Trigonometric Functions