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MathsMediumClass 12

Integration by Parts + Partial Fractions

Indefinite Integration

50

JEE Qs

15%

Hard

90

min

Master the systematic application of ILATE and partial fraction decomposition types; meticulous algebraic manipulation is key to avoiding errors and arriving at correct solutions.

🧮 Key Formulas

∫ u dv = uv - ∫ v du
P(x)/((ax+b)(cx+d)) = A/(ax+b) + B/(cx+d)
P(x)/(ax+b)^n = A1/(ax+b) + A2/(ax+b)^2 + ... + An/(ax+b)^n
P(x)/((ax+b)(cx^2+dx+e)) = A/(ax+b) + (Bx+C)/(cx^2+dx+e) (where cx^2+dx+e is an irreducible quadratic factor)

✅ Key Points for JEE

  • 1For Integration by Parts, use the 'ILATE' rule (Inverse trig, Logarithmic, Algebraic, Trigonometric, Exponential) to prioritize 'u' (function to be differentiated) and the remaining as 'dv' (function to be integrated).
  • 2Recognize cyclic integrals (e.g., ∫ e^(ax) sin(bx) dx) where Integration by Parts is applied twice to obtain an equation for the original integral.
  • 3For Partial Fractions, always check if the rational function is proper (degree of numerator < degree of denominator). If improper, first perform polynomial long division to get a polynomial + a proper rational function.
  • 4Correctly decompose the denominator into its factors: distinct linear, repeated linear, or irreducible quadratic factors, as the form of the partial fraction decomposition depends entirely on this.
  • 5Efficiently solve for the constants (A, B, C, etc.) in partial fractions by either substituting suitable values of x (especially roots of linear factors) or by comparing coefficients of powers of x.

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • Incorrect application of the 'ILATE' rule, leading to a more complex integral in Integration by Parts.
  • Algebraic and sign errors in the `uv - ∫ v du` step, especially with the negative sign inside the integral.
  • Failing to divide improper rational functions before applying partial fraction decomposition.
  • Incorrectly setting up the partial fraction decomposition, particularly for repeated linear factors or irreducible quadratic factors.
  • Calculation errors when solving the system of equations for the constants A, B, C, etc., in partial fractions.

NCERT Chapters

  • Class 12 Mathematics Ch 7: Integrals