8.17 Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products

7.21 Name the reagents used in the following reactions: (i) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid. (ii) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde. (iii) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol. (iv) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid. (v) Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene. (vi) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol.

8.6 Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents. (i) PhMgBr and then H3O + (ii) Tollens’ reagent (iii) Semicarbazide and weak acid (iv) Excess ethanol and acid (v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid 8.7 Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (i) Methanal (ii) 2-Methylpentanal (iii) Benzaldehyde (iv) Benzophenone (v) Cyclohexanone (vi) 1-Phenylpropanone (vii) Phenylacetaldehyde (viii) Butan-1-ol (ix) 2,2-Dimethylbutanal 8.8 How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds? (i) Butane-1,3-diol (ii) But-2-enal (iii) But-2-enoic acid 8.9 Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile. 8.10 An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound. 8.11 An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved. 8.12 Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: (i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN) (ii) CH3CH2CH(Br)COOH, CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH, CH3CH2CH2COOH (acid strength) (iii) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength) 8.13 Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (i) Propanal and Propanone (ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone (iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid (iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate (v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one (vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone (vii) Ethanal and Propanal 8.14 How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (i) Methyl benzoate (ii) m-Nitrobenzoic acid (iii) p-Nitrobenzoic acid (iv) Phenylacetic acid (v) p-Nitrobenzaldehyde. 8.15 How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (i) Propanone to Propene (ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde (iii) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal (iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone (v) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone (vi) Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol (vii) Benzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol (viii) Benazaldehyde to a-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (ix) Benzoic acid to m- Nitrobenzyl alcohol 8.16 Describe the following: (i) Acetylation (ii) Cannizzaro reaction (iii) Cross aldol condensation (iv) Decarboxylation Chemistry 256 Reprint 2025-26