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MathsHardMCQ2025 · 22 Jan Shift 2

Q17.Let αθ and βθ be the distinct roots of 2x2 + (cos θ)x −1 = 0, θ ∈(0, 2π). If m and M are the minimum and the maximum values of α4θ + β4θ , then 16(M + m) equals : (1) 24 (2) 25 (3) 17 (4) 27

What This Question Tests

This question combines the properties of roots of a quadratic equation with trigonometric identities, requiring significant algebraic manipulation to express α⁴+β⁴ in terms of cos θ and then find its minimum and maximum values.

Concepts Tested

Sum and product of roots of a quadratic equationAlgebraic manipulation of roots (α⁴+β⁴)Trigonometric identities (cos 2θ, cos²θ)Finding min/max values of trigonometric expressions

Formulas Used

α+β = -b/a, αβ = c/a

α² + β² = (α+β)² - 2αβ

α⁴ + β⁴ = (α² + β²)² - 2α²β²

cos(2θ) = 2cos²θ - 1

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9.17 (a) sin i¢c = 1.44/1.68 which gives i¢c = 59°. Total internal reflection takes place when i > 59° or when r < rmax = 31°. Now, (sin i /sin r max max ) = 1.68 , which gives imax ~ 60°. Thus, all incident rays of angles in the range 0 < i < 60° will suffer total internal reflections in the pipe. (If the length of the pipe is finite, which it is in practice, there will be a lower limit on i determined by the ratio of the diameter to the length of the pipe.) (b) If there is no outer coating, i¢c = sin–1(1/1.68) = 36.5°. Now, i = 90° will have r = 36.5° and i¢ = 53.5° which is greater than i¢c. Thus, all incident rays (in the range 53.5° < i < 90°) will suffer total internal reflections.