9.15 Apply mirror equation and the condition: (a) f < 0 (concave mirror); u < 0 (object on left) (b) f > 0; u < 0 (c) f > 0 (convex mirror) and u < 0 (d) f < 0 (concave mirror); f < u < 0 to deduce the desired result.

9.2 A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the location of the image and the magnification. Describe what happens as the needle is moved farther from the mirror.

9.19 A screen is placed 90cm from an object. The image of the object on the screen is formed by a convex lens at two different locations separated by 20cm. Determine the focal length of the lens.