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MathsEasyClass 11

Arithmetic Progression — nth term + Sum

Sequences & Series

60

JEE Qs

6%

Hard

75

min

Master the direct application of AP formulas and practice strategic selection of terms to simplify problem-solving, especially when sums or products of terms are involved.

🧮 Key Formulas

a_n = a + (n-1)d
S_n = n/2 * (2a + (n-1)d)
S_n = n/2 * (a + l)
Arithmetic Mean = (a+b)/2

✅ Key Points for JEE

  • 1An Arithmetic Progression (AP) is characterized by a constant common difference 'd' between consecutive terms.
  • 2For problems involving sums or products of a small number of terms in AP, strategically select terms like (a-d, a, a+d) for 3 terms, or (a-3d, a-d, a+d, a+3d) for 4 terms, to simplify calculations.
  • 3The nth term (a_n) of an AP is a linear function of 'n', i.e., of the form An + B.
  • 4The sum of n terms (S_n) of an AP is a quadratic function of 'n' without a constant term, i.e., of the form An^2 + Bn.
  • 5If the sum of n terms (S_n) is given, the nth term can be found using the relation a_n = S_n - S_{n-1} for n > 1, and a_1 = S_1.

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • Incorrectly using 'n' instead of '(n-1)' in the nth term or sum formulas, leading to 'off-by-one' errors.
  • Errors in identifying the first term 'a' or common difference 'd', especially in word problems or when terms are not explicitly given from the start.
  • Confusing the nth term (a_n) with the sum of n terms (S_n), or applying the wrong formula for the required quantity.

NCERT Chapters

  • Class 11 Mathematics Ch 9: Sequences and Series