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MathsMediumClass 11

Telescoping Series

Sequences & Series

14

JEE Qs

8%

Hard

60

min

Master the art of transforming the general term T_k into a difference f(k) - f(k+c) using partial fractions, rationalization, or other algebraic manipulation, as this is the key to all telescoping sums.

🧮 Key Formulas

T_k = f(k) - f(k+c) (General form for a telescoping term, where c is usually 1)
Σ_{k=1 to n} T_k = Σ_{k=1 to n} (f(k) - f(k+c)) = (f(1) + f(2) + ... + f(c)) - (f(n+1) + f(n+2) + ... + f(n+c))
1 / (ab) = (1 / (b-a)) * (1/a - 1/b) (Common decomposition for terms like 1/(k(k+1)))
1 / (sqrt(a) + sqrt(b)) = (sqrt(a) - sqrt(b)) / (a-b) (Rationalization for terms with roots)

✅ Key Points for JEE

  • 1The core idea is to express the general term T_k as a difference of two consecutive (or c-apart) terms, i.e., T_k = f(k) - f(k+c) or T_k = f(k+c) - f(k).
  • 2The most common technique to achieve the difference form for rational functions is partial fraction decomposition.
  • 3For terms involving square roots in the denominator (e.g., 1/(sqrt(k)+sqrt(k+1))), rationalization is often used to transform them into a difference form.
  • 4Carefully write out the first few and last few terms of the sum to identify the exact terms that cancel and which ones remain.
  • 5Pay close attention to the index 'k' and the constant 'c' in 'f(k) - f(k+c)' to correctly determine the non-cancelling terms at the beginning and end of the series.

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • Incorrectly decomposing the general term into the difference form, especially sign errors or constant factors.
  • Errors in identifying the remaining terms after cancellation, particularly when c > 1 (e.g., T_k = f(k) - f(k+2) will leave f(1), f(2) at the start and -f(n+1), -f(n+2) at the end).
  • Algebraic mistakes during partial fraction decomposition or rationalization.
  • Failing to adapt the decomposition technique to slightly different general terms (e.g., 1/(k(k+2)) vs 1/(k(k+1))).

NCERT Chapters

  • Class 11 Maths Ch 9: Sequences and Series